Rizal Sukma is a Senior Fellow at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Jakarta. He was Indonesia's Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ireland and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), London, from 2016 to 2020. He joined CSIS in 1990 and assumed the role of Executive Director in 2009 until 2015. Dr. Sukma also served as former Chairman of International Relations, Muhammadiyah Central Executive Board (2005-2015). His works focus on issues including Southeast Asian security, ASEAN, Indonesia's defense and foreign policy, military reform, Islam and politics, and domestic political changes in Indonesia. His published books include Security Operations in Aceh: Goals, Consequences, and Lessons (2004), Islam in Indonesia's Foreign Policy (2003), and Indonesia and China: The Politics of a Troubled Relationship (1999).